Disease state overview
What are CLL and SLL?
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a life-threatening cancer of adults. It is a type of mature B-cell malignancy in which abnormal leukemic B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) arise from the bone marrow and flood peripheral blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues.1,2 Since both CLL and SLL start the same way, they are considered the same disease but occur in different body parts.2
Signs and symptoms3-6
- Fatigue
- Anemia (decreased red blood cell count)
- Lymph node enlargement
- Thrombocytopenia (decreased platelet count)
- Low-grade fever
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Feeling of fullness (due to an enlarged spleen or liver)
- Infection of skin, lungs, kidneys, or other organs because of low immunoglobulin levels and decreased neutrophil counts
Prevalence and impact
- Accounts for 1 in 3 new cases of leukemia in the US and about 1% of cancers overall
1 - 22,760 new cases estimated in 2026
1 - 4350 deaths estimated in 2026
1 - 63% higher mean total healthcare costs among patients with a CLL diagnosis compared to those without a CLL diagnosis
7,a - $101,122 total healthcare costs per patient per year in CLL (patients received 1L+)
8
1L+, first or later line.
aUsing the Medicare Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse (CCW) database covering the 2017-2019 period, this retrospective study assessed individuals with and without CLL. 16% of patients with CLL diagnosis received treatments including rituximab monotherapy, ibrutinib monotherapy, bendamustine-rituximab, obinutuzumab monotherapy, and other treatments. Individuals in the non-CLL matched cohort were identified as having at least 1 medical claim during the cohort identification period (ie, July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2019) and no claim with a diagnosis of CLL during the study period (ie, January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019).7
References: 1. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment (PDQ®)—Health Professional Version. NCBI Bookshelf; April 25, 2025. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/cll-treatment-pdq 2. American Cancer Society. About chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Updated March 20, 2025. Accessed January 23, 2026. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8679.00.pdf 3. Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): in detail. Booklet. Accessed March 2, 2026. https://llsorg.widen.net/view/pdf/ouwfoue5p1/en-booklet-cll-detailed-ps34.pdf 4. Blood Cancer United. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) signs and symptoms. Accessed March 3, 2026. https://bloodcancerunited.org/blood-cancer/leukemia/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll/signs-and-symptoms 5. Healthline. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): early and advanced symptoms. Updated June 5, 2025. Accessed February 25, 2026. https://www.healthline.com/health/cll/chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-symptoms#progressive-symptoms 6. Ravandi F, O’Brien S. Immune defects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(2):197-209. 7. Lee TY, Johnson A, Cooke CE, et al. Costs and health care resource utilization among Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2024;30(5):430-440. 8. Yang X, Zanardo E, Lejeune D, et al. Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma in the US. Oncologist. 2024;29(3):e360-e371.
What is FL?
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a slow-growing cancer that occurs when abnormal B cells group together in clusters called “follicles” inside lymph nodes or other tissues. It often spreads to the bone marrow and spleen, but it usually doesn’t affect organs and tissues other than the lymph nodes.1
Signs and symptoms2
- Painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin
- Fever that no infection or other illness is causing
- Unexplained weight loss
- Sweating and chills
- Fatigue
Prevalence and impact3
- 2.4 new cases per 100,000 men and women per year
- 0.4 deaths per 100,000 men and women per year
- 5-year relative survival rate of 89%
References: 1. National Organization for Rare Disorders. Follicular lymphoma. Updated July 18, 2025. Accessed January 23, 2026. https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/follicular-lymphoma/ 2. Cleveland Clinic. Follicular lymphoma. Updated October 20, 2025. Accessed February 24, 2026. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22606-follicular-lymphoma 3. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, National Cancer Institute. Cancer Stat Facts: follicular cancer. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/follicular.html
What is MCL?
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) develops in B cells located in the mantle zones of the lymph nodes. While MCL often starts as a slow-growing cancer, once it progresses, it can become more aggressive and grow rapidly. In advanced forms of this disease, cancer spreads from the lymph nodes to the bloodstream, bone marrow, digestive system, and/or other organs.1,2
Signs and symptoms2,3
- Swelling in one or more lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpit, or groin
- Fever
- Pressure or pain in the lower back
- Belly pain
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Headaches, dizziness and confusion
Prevalence and impact
- MCL is a rare subtype of B-cell NHL, representing 3% to 10% of all NHLs
4,5 - Annual incidence between 0.5 and 1 case per 100,000
4,6 - The median survival for patients with MCL is approximately 5 years
7
References: 1. Cleveland Clinic. What is mantle cell lymphoma?. Updated May 8, 2025. Accessed January 21, 2026. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24030-mantle-cell-lymphoma#what-is-mantle-cell-lymphoma 2. University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Mantle cell lymphoma. Accessed January 21, 2026. https://www.mdanderson.org/cancer-types/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/mantle-cell-lymphoma.html# 3. Katherine Kam; WebMD. Mantle cell lymphoma. Published January 29, 2026. Accessed February 24, 2026. https://www.webmd.com/cancer/lymphoma/mantle-cell-lymphoma 4. Lynch DT, Koya S, Dogga S, Kumar A. Mantle cell lymphoma. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; July 28, 2023. Accessed February 25, 2026. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536985/ 5. Abbasi MR; Medscape. Mantle cell lymphoma. Updated March 28, 2025. Accessed October 6, 2025. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/203085-overview#a4 6. Haematological Malignancy Research Network. Mantle cell lymphoma. Published November 6, 2025. Accessed November 6, 2025. https://hmrn.org/factsheets#mantle_cell_lymphoma 7. Kröger K, Siats J, Kerkhoff A, et al. Long-term survival of patients with mantle cell lymphoma after total body irradiation, high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation: a monocenter study. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(3):983.
What is MZL?
Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is a slow-growing blood cancer that develops in the parts of a lymph node called the marginal zones, which wrap around the mantle zones. When a person has MZL, the B cells in the marginal zone change, or mutate, causing them to behave abnormally and multiply excessively. There are 3 types of MZL1:
- Extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT): the most common type of MZL; develops in the stomach lining (gastric MALT) or in the lungs, skin, thyroid, salivary gland, or bowels or near your eye (nongastric MALT)
- Nodal MZL: affects the lymph nodes but can appear in the bone marrow
- Splenic MZL: affects the spleen, blood, and bone marrow
Signs and symptoms1
- Fever without infection
- Night sweats
- Unexplained weight loss
Prevalence and impact
- MZL represents 10.5% to 11.8% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), with significant variability in incidence by geographic region
2- In 2020, there were an estimated 544,000 new cases of NHLs globally
3
- In the United States, the annual incidence rate is 19.6 per 1 million
4 - About 7460 people are newly diagnosed each year
4 - 5-year overall survival rate of 89.8%
4
References: 1. Cleveland Clinic. Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Updated April 17, 2023. Accessed January 21, 2026. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/24915-marginal-zone-lymphoma 2. Alderuccio JP, Lossos IS. Prognostic factors and risk of transformation in marginal zone lymphoma. Ann Lymphoma. 2020;4:6. 3. Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209-249. 4. Cerhan JR, Habermann TM. Epidemiology of marginal zone lymphoma. Ann Lymphoma. 2021;5:1.
What is WM?
Waldenström macroglobulinemia starts when a person’s B cells produce an abnormal lymphocyte-plasma hybrid cell, called a lymphoplasmacytic cell. These abnormal cells make large amounts of a certain type of antibody (immunoglobulin M, or IgM), which has a large and bulky structure. This causes blood to become very thick, impacting its flow through the body. As the abnormal cells multiply, it can overwhelm the bone marrow, leading to a shortage of healthy blood cells.1
Signs and symptoms2
- Fever
- Night sweats
- Weight loss
- Numbness, or “pins and needles”
- Enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver
- Central nervous symptoms
- Bleeding from the mouth or nose
Prevalence and impact
- WM affects an estimated 3.8 million people per year worldwide
3 - About 1000 to 1500 people are diagnosed with WM each year in the United States
1 - Average age of diagnosis is 70
1 - 5-year overall survival rate of 78%
1
References: 1. American Cancer Society. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. Updated November 17, 2025. Accessed January 28, 2026. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/9791.00.pdf 2. Blood Cancer United. Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Accessed January 21, 2026. https://bloodcancerunited.org/research/blood-cancer-research-development-progress/lymphoma/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-wm 3. Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia World Awareness Day. News release. International Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia Foundation; March 25, 2024. Accessed January 23, 2026. https://iwmf.com/first-ever-wm-world-awareness-day/
What is esophageal cancer?
Esophageal, or oesophageal, squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the 2 main types of esophageal cancer (EC). It originates in squamous cells, which are thin, flat cells that line the surface of the esophagus. ESCC occurs most often in the upper and middle portions of the esophagus, where abnormal carcinoma cells accumulate and form solid tumors.1
Signs and symptoms1
Often, symptoms of ESCC will not appear until the disease is already in an advanced stage. Common signs or symptoms may include:
- Trouble swallowing
- Chest pain
- Weight loss
- Indigestion and heartburn
- Hoarseness
Prevalence and impact
- Globally, EC is the sixth-most-common cause of cancer-related death
2- ESCC is the most common histologic subtype, accounting for nearly 85% of ECs
2
- 22,070 new EC cases estimated in 2025
3 - 16,250 estimated EC deaths in 2025
3 - An estimated 957,000 new EC cases are projected in 2040 globally, an increase of nearly 60% from 2020
2 - More than two-thirds of patients with EC have advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, with an expected 5-year survival rate of less than 6% for those whose cancer has spread to distant areas of the body
3
References: 1. Mayo Clinic. Esophageal cancer. Published May 2, 2024. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20356084 2. Morgan E, Soerjomataram I, Rumgay H, et al. The global landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence and mortality in 2020 and projections to 2040: new estimates from GLOBOCAN 2020. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(3):649-658.e2. 3. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, National Cancer Institute. Cancer Stat Facts: esophageal cancer. Accessed February 24, 2026. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/esoph.html
What are gastric (stomach) cancers?
There are several different types of gastric (stomach) cancer. The most common type is adenocarcinoma, which starts in the inner lining of the stomach and can grow into a tumor. It often develops slowly.1 Less common types of gastric cancer include lymphomas (cancer of the immune cells in the stomach), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (starting in the stomach’s connective tissue), and carcinoid tumors (arising from hormone-producing cells in the stomach).2
Signs and symptoms3
- Poor appetite
- Weight loss (without trying)
- Abdominal (belly) pain
- Vague discomfort in the abdomen, usually above the navel
- Feeling full after eating only a small meal
- Heartburn or indigestion
- Nausea
- Vomiting, with or without blood
- Swelling or fluid buildup in the abdomen
- Blood in the stool
- Feeling tired or weak, due to having too few red blood cells (anemia)
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), if the cancer spreads to the liver
Prevalence and impact
- Gastric cancer is the fifth-most-common cancer worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer death
4 - 30,300 new cases estimated in 2025
5 - 10,780 estimated deaths in 2025
5 - 5-year relative survival rate of 37.9%, with 5-year survival rate of less than 8% for those whose cancer has spread to distant areas of the body
5
References: 1. American Cancer Society. About stomach cancer. Accessed January 13, 2026. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8838.00.pdf 2. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Types of stomach cancer. Published 2025. Accessed January April 16, 2025. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/stomach-gastric/types 3. American Cancer Society. Stomach cancer early detection, diagnosis, and staging. Accessed January 13, 2026. https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/CRC/PDF/Public/8840.00.pdf 4. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, et al; for Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today; International Agency for Research on Cancer. World. Fact sheet. Published 2024. Accessed January 23, 2025. https://gco.iarc.who.int/media/globocan/factsheets/populations/900-world-fact-sheet.pdf 5. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, National Cancer Institute. Cancer Stat Facts: stomach cancer. Accessed January 27, 2026. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/stomach.html